Earlier this year, General Growth Properties Inc. (GGP) rejected a $10 billion buyout offer from rival Simon Property Group (SPG), but Simon Property is not giving up completely. Wednesday Simon Property announced it would up its offer to $10 per share for GGP in exchange for 25% of the company.

The offer that was quickly rejected a couple of months ago placed a $9 value on GGP stock, and rose some anti-trust concerns.

If you're looking to buy into an upswing post-recession, it doesn't look like the private equity market will be on your list. Valuations didn't fall as much as you might think, meaning that the bargains you usually find during a downturn just aren't showing up this time.

In the leveraged buyout market, prices were around 25% higher, on average, than they were in 2001, when the dotcom economy fell apart, according to Standard & Poor's Leveraged Commentary & Data. And transactions closed in the past three months have hit heir highest levels since the private equity market peaked in 2007.

Says Christopher O'Brien, president for U.S. and Europe of Investcorp Bank BSC, another "golden era" isn't coming. He tells Bloomberg News, "There's a lot of pressure to put investors' money to work now, and valuations are still high. It's a seller's market."

Mega-buyout funds are turning in their worst returns over one-, three- and five-year periods. Large buyout funds haven't performed well either, with small buyout funds faring best, according to alternative investment research firm Preqin. With enough time having passed from the financial market mayhem of the third quarter of 2008, it's now possible to gain some perspective and measure the results.

Mega-buyout funds' returns were negative over the past year, down 31.4%. Over the last three years, returns were still negative at 3.1%. But over the last five years, mega-buyout funds returns a solid 23.9%.

If your job last year was to raise private equity capital, you couldn't have been all that happy. Capital raising hit its lowest level since 2003, according to Dow Jones LP Source by way of VentureBeat, falling to $95.8 billion for 331 funds. In 2008, $300 billion had been raised across 508 funds, translating to a 68% year-over-year decline. Nobody was spared the struggle to raise funds, except secondary funds, which reported a 50% surge in fund raising.

The buyout fund, among the largest sectors in the private equity business, saw the capital raised fall 72.5%, from $195.5 billion in 2008 to a mere $53.7 billion in 2009. The largest buyout funds suffered most: only six funds with more than $6 billion under management raised an aggregate $14 billion. The year before, it took only 12 funds of this size to pull in a combined $75.2 billion in fresh capital.

In the buyout corner of the private equity business, "dry powder" continued to grow in 2009. Industry slang for capital available for investment, this measure points to how much activity private equity funds are capable of completing.

From December 2004 through December 2008, according to data from alternative investment research firm Preqin, the amount of funds on the sidelines surged from $178 billion to $501 billion for the buyout sector, nearly tripling. This year, buyout dry powder only increased by $3 billion, to $504.28 billion. While this may feel like little more than a rounding error, it suggests stability in the sector after what has been a trying climate for financial services business of all types.

The private equity market was hit hard by the financial crisis last year, but it's already on the road to recovery, according to a new report by Preqin (pdf).

From the first quarter to the second, this year, increasing returns and valuations have given investors a reason to hope, even though the industry's average return is down 24.1% for the 12-month period ending June 30, 2009. The negative return still outpaced the S&P 500, MSCI Europe and MSCI Emerging Markets indexes, the alternative investment research firm says, which returned -26.2%, -34.1% and -27.8%, respectively -- and the 12-month average improved from -30% for the year-long period ending March 31, 2009.

First brewed in 1873, Beck's beer is crisp, fresh, and "full of character." It's also still part of the growing AB InBev family. Anheuser-Busch InBev, which is of course the Belgian-based parent of Anheuser-Busch (BUD), has abandoned plans to sell the German beer brand to Bain Capital.

According to a German magazine, citing financial sources, this was really an eleventh-hour decision, as the contracts were already drawn up and Bain had secured $2.54 billion in financing.

For the past year, silver linings have been in short supply. Even as financial markets claw their way back up, the wealth lost has been neither forgotten nor completely recovered. In the private equity sector, the good news is that, frankly, the situation could have been worse. Though returns plunged, the asset class still outperformed the public equity markets.

A new analysis from alternative investment research firm Preqin puts the private equity industry's return at -30% for the 12 months ending March 31, 2009, a period that encompasses the bulk of the lows without the benefit of the upswing that followed. For the same year-long period, the S&P 500's return was -38.1%, with the MSCI Europe's at -49.9%, and the MSCI Emerging Markets' return at -47.1%.

Private equity returns are down 27.6% year-over-year for the 12-month period ending July 30, 2009, according to a Preqin report received by BloggingStocks. The London-based research house notes, however, that the global private equity industry's dry powder (i.e., uncommitted assets) continues to exceed $1 trillion, suggesting that there is still plenty of capital waiting for a rainy day.

Returns for the past 12 months reflect all the nastiness we've seen and lived -- bailouts, company collapses, equity and credit market mayhem and unemployment rates dangerously close to double-digits. But, the money is still coming in. Preqin puts the rate by which contributions outpaced distributions at 235% for buyout funds in 2008. This category raised $148 billion while distributing only $63 billion, making last year the most imbalanced for these two measures in history.

Private equity investors are using current financial market constraints on liquidity to negotiate favorable deals, as private equity general partners have watched the values of their portfolios fall profoundly. Efforts to attract additional investment haven't been easy, as potential limited partners are reluctant to make long commitments in an uncertain marketplace. This has given limited partners a stronger position from which to negotiate both fees and terms and conditions.

Limited partners are getting a leg up on the private equity funds in which they invest, signaling a change from the historical trend in which funds could push for aggressive compensation based on the returns they provide. In a poll conducted by Preqin, 43% of investors noted a power shift from fund to limited partner, with only 2% seeing a shift toward the general partner.

Private equity investors are using current financial market constraints on liquidity to negotiate favorable deals, as private equity general partners have watched the values of their portfolios fall profoundly. Efforts to attract additional investment haven't been easy, as potential limited partners are reluctant to make long commitments in an uncertain marketplace. This has given limited partners a stronger position from which to negotiate both fees and terms and conditions.

Limited partners are getting a leg up on the private equity funds in which they invest, signaling a change from the historical trend in which funds could push for aggressive compensation based on the returns they provide. In a poll conducted by Preqin, 43% of investors noted a power shift from fund to limited partner, with only 2% seeing a shift toward the general partner.

From 2004 to 2007, the titans of private equity tapped yield-hungry investors to raise massive amounts of buyout capital. Eager to deploy this easy money, they spent billions taking huge companies private, shattering records for mega-deals only to see them surpassed a few weeks later. The list of companies taken private includes many famous names: Toys 'R' Us, Hertz, Harrah's Entertainment, Tribune Co., and TXU, the Texas utility that set a record for buyouts in a deal worth over $44 billion.

Now many of those companies are staggering under the sheer weight of their debt. Bond investors, who once eagerly poured their money into the high-yield debt that made leveraged buyouts possible, have seen their holdings decimated. With the bonds that helped pay for some of the biggest private equity deals trading at less than 50 cents on the dollar, some worry whether the companies can stay afloat.

For details on eight big buyout targets that are now teetering on the brink, click through the following gallery.

This morning, General Motors (GMGMQ) -- or is it Government Motors? -- announced that it will sell its Saab unit to a consortium led by Koenigsegg Automotive AB. The purchaser is a luxury carmaker, which produces roughly 12 custom-made models each year.

In a memo of understanding, GM stated that the sale will include a $600 million funding commitment from the European Investment Bank -- which is guaranteed by the Swedish government. The sale is believed to be completed by the end of the third quarter.

The operator of the Tropicana Casino and Resort, which was featured in the films Viva Las Vegas and Diamonds Are Forever, filed for bankruptcy protection in May 2008. But Canadian private equity firm Onex Corp. (TSE: OCX) has now succeeded in taking over the Las Vegas icon.

Onex's main buyout fund has cobbled together a stake in the casino's senior debt that will make it the largest shareholder when a restructured Tropicana emerges from bankruptcy protection.

Though Onex will gain control of a prime location in one of the hottest spots in the city and one of the busiest pedestrian intersections in the world, it comes at a time when the fortunes of sin city are suffering due to economic conditions.

The operator of the Tropicana Casino and Resort, which was featured in the films Viva Las Vegas and Diamonds Are Forever, filed for bankruptcy protection in May 2008. Canadian private equity firm Onex Corp. (TSX: OCX) has succeeded in taking over the Las Vegas icon.

Onex's main buyout fund has cobbled together a stake in the casino's senior debt that will make it the largest shareholder when a restructured Tropicana emerges from bankruptcy protection.

Though Onex will gain control of a prime location in one of the hottest spots in the city and one of the busiest pedestrian intersections in the world, it comes at a time when the fortunes of sin city are suffering due to economic conditions.

Room rates have plunged and passenger traffic into the city's airport is down 14% in the first three months of the year. But Onex founder and CEO Gerry Schwartz believes that gambling is a growth industry, and that investing in Las Vegas is a long-term value because the city has historically weathered downturns better than expected.